Merge pull request #107 from google/mod

Use Go Modules and support Go 1.11 building

9 files changed, 2343 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/.flake8 b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/.flake8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6deafc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/.flake8
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[flake8]
+max-line-length = 120
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/.gitignore b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faf70c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*.coverprofile
+node_modules/
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/.travis.yml b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf8d098
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+language: go
+sudo: false
+dist: trusty
+osx_image: xcode8.3
+go: 1.8.x
+
+os:
+- linux
+- osx
+
+cache:
+  directories:
+  - node_modules
+
+before_script:
+- go get github.com/urfave/gfmrun/... || true
+- go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
+- if [ ! -f node_modules/.bin/markdown-toc ] ; then
+    npm install markdown-toc ;
+  fi
+
+script:
+- ./runtests gen
+- ./runtests vet
+- ./runtests test
+- ./runtests gfmrun
+- ./runtests toc
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/CHANGELOG.md b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..401eae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+# Change Log
+
+**ATTN**: This project uses [semantic versioning](http://semver.org/).
+
+## [Unreleased]
+
+## 1.20.0 - 2017-08-10
+
+### Fixed
+
+* `HandleExitCoder` is now correctly iterates over all errors in
+  a `MultiError`. The exit code is the exit code of the last error or `1` if
+  there are no `ExitCoder`s in the `MultiError`.
+* Fixed YAML file loading on Windows (previously would fail validate the file path)
+* Subcommand `Usage`, `Description`, `ArgsUsage`, `OnUsageError` correctly
+  propogated
+* `ErrWriter` is now passed downwards through command structure to avoid the
+  need to redefine it
+* Pass `Command` context into `OnUsageError` rather than parent context so that
+  all fields are avaiable
+* Errors occuring in `Before` funcs are no longer double printed
+* Use `UsageText` in the help templates for commands and subcommands if
+  defined; otherwise build the usage as before (was previously ignoring this
+  field)
+* `IsSet` and `GlobalIsSet` now correctly return whether a flag is set if
+  a program calls `Set` or `GlobalSet` directly after flag parsing (would
+  previously only return `true` if the flag was set during parsing)
+
+### Changed
+
+* No longer exit the program on command/subcommand error if the error raised is
+  not an `OsExiter`. This exiting behavior was introduced in 1.19.0, but was
+  determined to be a regression in functionality. See [the
+  PR](https://github.com/urfave/cli/pull/595) for discussion.
+
+### Added
+
+* `CommandsByName` type was added to make it easy to sort `Command`s by name,
+  alphabetically
+* `altsrc` now handles loading of string and int arrays from TOML
+* Support for definition of custom help templates for `App` via
+  `CustomAppHelpTemplate`
+* Support for arbitrary key/value fields on `App` to be used with
+  `CustomAppHelpTemplate` via `ExtraInfo`
+* `HelpFlag`, `VersionFlag`, and `BashCompletionFlag` changed to explictly be
+  `cli.Flag`s allowing for the use of custom flags satisfying the `cli.Flag`
+  interface to be used.
+
+
+## [1.19.1] - 2016-11-21
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixes regression introduced in 1.19.0 where using an `ActionFunc` as
+  the `Action` for a command would cause it to error rather than calling the
+  function. Should not have a affected declarative cases using `func(c
+  *cli.Context) err)`.
+- Shell completion now handles the case where the user specifies
+  `--generate-bash-completion` immediately after a flag that takes an argument.
+  Previously it call the application with `--generate-bash-completion` as the
+  flag value.
+
+## [1.19.0] - 2016-11-19
+### Added
+- `FlagsByName` was added to make it easy to sort flags (e.g. `sort.Sort(cli.FlagsByName(app.Flags))`)
+- A `Description` field was added to `App` for a more detailed description of
+  the application (similar to the existing `Description` field on `Command`)
+- Flag type code generation via `go generate`
+- Write to stderr and exit 1 if action returns non-nil error
+- Added support for TOML to the `altsrc` loader
+- `SkipArgReorder` was added to allow users to skip the argument reordering.
+  This is useful if you want to consider all "flags" after an argument as
+  arguments rather than flags (the default behavior of the stdlib `flag`
+  library). This is backported functionality from the [removal of the flag
+  reordering](https://github.com/urfave/cli/pull/398) in the unreleased version
+  2
+- For formatted errors (those implementing `ErrorFormatter`), the errors will
+  be formatted during output. Compatible with `pkg/errors`.
+
+### Changed
+- Raise minimum tested/supported Go version to 1.2+
+
+### Fixed
+- Consider empty environment variables as set (previously environment variables
+  with the equivalent of `""` would be skipped rather than their value used).
+- Return an error if the value in a given environment variable cannot be parsed
+  as the flag type. Previously these errors were silently swallowed.
+- Print full error when an invalid flag is specified (which includes the invalid flag)
+- `App.Writer` defaults to `stdout` when `nil`
+- If no action is specified on a command or app, the help is now printed instead of `panic`ing
+- `App.Metadata` is initialized automatically now (previously was `nil` unless initialized)
+- Correctly show help message if `-h` is provided to a subcommand
+- `context.(Global)IsSet` now respects environment variables. Previously it
+  would return `false` if a flag was specified in the environment rather than
+  as an argument
+- Removed deprecation warnings to STDERR to avoid them leaking to the end-user
+- `altsrc`s import paths were updated to use `gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1`. This
+  fixes issues that occurred when `gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1` was imported as well
+  as `altsrc` where Go would complain that the types didn't match
+
+## [1.18.1] - 2016-08-28
+### Fixed
+- Removed deprecation warnings to STDERR to avoid them leaking to the end-user (backported)
+
+## [1.18.0] - 2016-06-27
+### Added
+- `./runtests` test runner with coverage tracking by default
+- testing on OS X
+- testing on Windows
+- `UintFlag`, `Uint64Flag`, and `Int64Flag` types and supporting code
+
+### Changed
+- Use spaces for alignment in help/usage output instead of tabs, making the
+  output alignment consistent regardless of tab width
+
+### Fixed
+- Printing of command aliases in help text
+- Printing of visible flags for both struct and struct pointer flags
+- Display the `help` subcommand when using `CommandCategories`
+- No longer swallows `panic`s that occur within the `Action`s themselves when
+  detecting the signature of the `Action` field
+
+## [1.17.1] - 2016-08-28
+### Fixed
+- Removed deprecation warnings to STDERR to avoid them leaking to the end-user
+
+## [1.17.0] - 2016-05-09
+### Added
+- Pluggable flag-level help text rendering via `cli.DefaultFlagStringFunc`
+- `context.GlobalBoolT` was added as an analogue to `context.GlobalBool`
+- Support for hiding commands by setting `Hidden: true` -- this will hide the
+  commands in help output
+
+### Changed
+- `Float64Flag`, `IntFlag`, and `DurationFlag` default values are no longer
+  quoted in help text output.
+- All flag types now include `(default: {value})` strings following usage when a
+  default value can be (reasonably) detected.
+- `IntSliceFlag` and `StringSliceFlag` usage strings are now more consistent
+  with non-slice flag types
+- Apps now exit with a code of 3 if an unknown subcommand is specified
+  (previously they printed "No help topic for...", but still exited 0. This
+  makes it easier to script around apps built using `cli` since they can trust
+  that a 0 exit code indicated a successful execution.
+- cleanups based on [Go Report Card
+  feedback](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/urfave/cli)
+
+## [1.16.1] - 2016-08-28
+### Fixed
+- Removed deprecation warnings to STDERR to avoid them leaking to the end-user
+
+## [1.16.0] - 2016-05-02
+### Added
+- `Hidden` field on all flag struct types to omit from generated help text
+
+### Changed
+- `BashCompletionFlag` (`--enable-bash-completion`) is now omitted from
+generated help text via the `Hidden` field
+
+### Fixed
+- handling of error values in `HandleAction` and `HandleExitCoder`
+
+## [1.15.0] - 2016-04-30
+### Added
+- This file!
+- Support for placeholders in flag usage strings
+- `App.Metadata` map for arbitrary data/state management
+- `Set` and `GlobalSet` methods on `*cli.Context` for altering values after
+parsing.
+- Support for nested lookup of dot-delimited keys in structures loaded from
+YAML.
+
+### Changed
+- The `App.Action` and `Command.Action` now prefer a return signature of
+`func(*cli.Context) error`, as defined by `cli.ActionFunc`.  If a non-nil
+`error` is returned, there may be two outcomes:
+    - If the error fulfills `cli.ExitCoder`, then `os.Exit` will be called
+    automatically
+    - Else the error is bubbled up and returned from `App.Run`
+- Specifying an `Action` with the legacy return signature of
+`func(*cli.Context)` will produce a deprecation message to stderr
+- Specifying an `Action` that is not a `func` type will produce a non-zero exit
+from `App.Run`
+- Specifying an `Action` func that has an invalid (input) signature will
+produce a non-zero exit from `App.Run`
+
+### Deprecated
+- <a name="deprecated-cli-app-runandexitonerror"></a>
+`cli.App.RunAndExitOnError`, which should now be done by returning an error
+that fulfills `cli.ExitCoder` to `cli.App.Run`.
+- <a name="deprecated-cli-app-action-signature"></a> the legacy signature for
+`cli.App.Action` of `func(*cli.Context)`, which should now have a return
+signature of `func(*cli.Context) error`, as defined by `cli.ActionFunc`.
+
+### Fixed
+- Added missing `*cli.Context.GlobalFloat64` method
+
+## [1.14.0] - 2016-04-03 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Codebeat badge
+- Support for categorization via `CategorizedHelp` and `Categories` on app.
+
+### Changed
+- Use `filepath.Base` instead of `path.Base` in `Name` and `HelpName`.
+
+### Fixed
+- Ensure version is not shown in help text when `HideVersion` set.
+
+## [1.13.0] - 2016-03-06 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- YAML file input support.
+- `NArg` method on context.
+
+## [1.12.0] - 2016-02-17 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Custom usage error handling.
+- Custom text support in `USAGE` section of help output.
+- Improved help messages for empty strings.
+- AppVeyor CI configuration.
+
+### Changed
+- Removed `panic` from default help printer func.
+- De-duping and optimizations.
+
+### Fixed
+- Correctly handle `Before`/`After` at command level when no subcommands.
+- Case of literal `-` argument causing flag reordering.
+- Environment variable hints on Windows.
+- Docs updates.
+
+## [1.11.1] - 2015-12-21 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Changed
+- Use `path.Base` in `Name` and `HelpName`
+- Export `GetName` on flag types.
+
+### Fixed
+- Flag parsing when skipping is enabled.
+- Test output cleanup.
+- Move completion check to account for empty input case.
+
+## [1.11.0] - 2015-11-15 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Destination scan support for flags.
+- Testing against `tip` in Travis CI config.
+
+### Changed
+- Go version in Travis CI config.
+
+### Fixed
+- Removed redundant tests.
+- Use correct example naming in tests.
+
+## [1.10.2] - 2015-10-29 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Fixed
+- Remove unused var in bash completion.
+
+## [1.10.1] - 2015-10-21 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Coverage and reference logos in README.
+
+### Fixed
+- Use specified values in help and version parsing.
+- Only display app version and help message once.
+
+## [1.10.0] - 2015-10-06 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- More tests for existing functionality.
+- `ArgsUsage` at app and command level for help text flexibility.
+
+### Fixed
+- Honor `HideHelp` and `HideVersion` in `App.Run`.
+- Remove juvenile word from README.
+
+## [1.9.0] - 2015-09-08 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- `FullName` on command with accompanying help output update.
+- Set default `$PROG` in bash completion.
+
+### Changed
+- Docs formatting.
+
+### Fixed
+- Removed self-referential imports in tests.
+
+## [1.8.0] - 2015-06-30 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Support for `Copyright` at app level.
+- `Parent` func at context level to walk up context lineage.
+
+### Fixed
+- Global flag processing at top level.
+
+## [1.7.1] - 2015-06-11 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Aggregate errors from `Before`/`After` funcs.
+- Doc comments on flag structs.
+- Include non-global flags when checking version and help.
+- Travis CI config updates.
+
+### Fixed
+- Ensure slice type flags have non-nil values.
+- Collect global flags from the full command hierarchy.
+- Docs prose.
+
+## [1.7.0] - 2015-05-03 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Changed
+- `HelpPrinter` signature includes output writer.
+
+### Fixed
+- Specify go 1.1+ in docs.
+- Set `Writer` when running command as app.
+
+## [1.6.0] - 2015-03-23 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Multiple author support.
+- `NumFlags` at context level.
+- `Aliases` at command level.
+
+### Deprecated
+- `ShortName` at command level.
+
+### Fixed
+- Subcommand help output.
+- Backward compatible support for deprecated `Author` and `Email` fields.
+- Docs regarding `Names`/`Aliases`.
+
+## [1.5.0] - 2015-02-20 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- `After` hook func support at app and command level.
+
+### Fixed
+- Use parsed context when running command as subcommand.
+- Docs prose.
+
+## [1.4.1] - 2015-01-09 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Support for hiding `-h / --help` flags, but not `help` subcommand.
+- Stop flag parsing after `--`.
+
+### Fixed
+- Help text for generic flags to specify single value.
+- Use double quotes in output for defaults.
+- Use `ParseInt` instead of `ParseUint` for int environment var values.
+- Use `0` as base when parsing int environment var values.
+
+## [1.4.0] - 2014-12-12 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Support for environment variable lookup "cascade".
+- Support for `Stdout` on app for output redirection.
+
+### Fixed
+- Print command help instead of app help in `ShowCommandHelp`.
+
+## [1.3.1] - 2014-11-13 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- Docs and example code updates.
+
+### Changed
+- Default `-v / --version` flag made optional.
+
+## [1.3.0] - 2014-08-10 (backfilled 2016-04-25)
+### Added
+- `FlagNames` at context level.
+- Exposed `VersionPrinter` var for more control over version output.
+- Zsh completion hook.
+- `AUTHOR` section in default app help template.
+- Contribution guidelines.
+- `DurationFlag` type.
+
+## [1.2.0] - 2014-08-02
+### Added
+- Support for environment variable defaults on flags plus tests.
+
+## [1.1.0] - 2014-07-15
+### Added
+- Bash completion.
+- Optional hiding of built-in help command.
+- Optional skipping of flag parsing at command level.
+- `Author`, `Email`, and `Compiled` metadata on app.
+- `Before` hook func support at app and command level.
+- `CommandNotFound` func support at app level.
+- Command reference available on context.
+- `GenericFlag` type.
+- `Float64Flag` type.
+- `BoolTFlag` type.
+- `IsSet` flag helper on context.
+- More flag lookup funcs at context level.
+- More tests &amp; docs.
+
+### Changed
+- Help template updates to account for presence/absence of flags.
+- Separated subcommand help template.
+- Exposed `HelpPrinter` var for more control over help output.
+
+## [1.0.0] - 2013-11-01
+### Added
+- `help` flag in default app flag set and each command flag set.
+- Custom handling of argument parsing errors.
+- Command lookup by name at app level.
+- `StringSliceFlag` type and supporting `StringSlice` type.
+- `IntSliceFlag` type and supporting `IntSlice` type.
+- Slice type flag lookups by name at context level.
+- Export of app and command help functions.
+- More tests &amp; docs.
+
+## 0.1.0 - 2013-07-22
+### Added
+- Initial implementation.
+
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.18.0...HEAD
+[1.18.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.17.0...v1.18.0
+[1.17.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.16.0...v1.17.0
+[1.16.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.15.0...v1.16.0
+[1.15.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.14.0...v1.15.0
+[1.14.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.13.0...v1.14.0
+[1.13.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.12.0...v1.13.0
+[1.12.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.11.1...v1.12.0
+[1.11.1]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.11.0...v1.11.1
+[1.11.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.10.2...v1.11.0
+[1.10.2]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.10.1...v1.10.2
+[1.10.1]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.10.0...v1.10.1
+[1.10.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.9.0...v1.10.0
+[1.9.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.8.0...v1.9.0
+[1.8.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.7.1...v1.8.0
+[1.7.1]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.7.0...v1.7.1
+[1.7.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.6.0...v1.7.0
+[1.6.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.5.0...v1.6.0
+[1.5.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.4.1...v1.5.0
+[1.4.1]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.4.0...v1.4.1
+[1.4.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.3.1...v1.4.0
+[1.3.1]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.3.0...v1.3.1
+[1.3.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.2.0...v1.3.0
+[1.2.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.1.0...v1.2.0
+[1.1.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v1.0.0...v1.1.0
+[1.0.0]: https://github.com/urfave/cli/compare/v0.1.0...v1.0.0
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/README.md b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bbbd8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1381 @@
+cli
+===
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/urfave/cli.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/urfave/cli)
+[![Windows Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/rtgk5xufi932pb2v?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/urfave/cli)
+[![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/urfave/cli?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/urfave/cli)
+[![codebeat](https://codebeat.co/badges/0a8f30aa-f975-404b-b878-5fab3ae1cc5f)](https://codebeat.co/projects/github-com-urfave-cli)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/urfave/cli)](https://goreportcard.com/report/urfave/cli)
+[![top level coverage](https://gocover.io/_badge/github.com/urfave/cli?0 "top level coverage")](http://gocover.io/github.com/urfave/cli) /
+[![altsrc coverage](https://gocover.io/_badge/github.com/urfave/cli/altsrc?0 "altsrc coverage")](http://gocover.io/github.com/urfave/cli/altsrc)
+
+**Notice:** This is the library formerly known as
+`github.com/codegangsta/cli` -- Github will automatically redirect requests
+to this repository, but we recommend updating your references for clarity.
+
+cli is a simple, fast, and fun package for building command line apps in Go. The
+goal is to enable developers to write fast and distributable command line
+applications in an expressive way.
+
+<!-- toc -->
+
+- [Overview](#overview)
+- [Installation](#installation)
+  * [Supported platforms](#supported-platforms)
+  * [Using the `v2` branch](#using-the-v2-branch)
+  * [Pinning to the `v1` releases](#pinning-to-the-v1-releases)
+- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
+- [Examples](#examples)
+  * [Arguments](#arguments)
+  * [Flags](#flags)
+    + [Placeholder Values](#placeholder-values)
+    + [Alternate Names](#alternate-names)
+    + [Ordering](#ordering)
+    + [Values from the Environment](#values-from-the-environment)
+    + [Values from alternate input sources (YAML, TOML, and others)](#values-from-alternate-input-sources-yaml-toml-and-others)
+  * [Subcommands](#subcommands)
+  * [Subcommands categories](#subcommands-categories)
+  * [Exit code](#exit-code)
+  * [Bash Completion](#bash-completion)
+    + [Enabling](#enabling)
+    + [Distribution](#distribution)
+    + [Customization](#customization)
+  * [Generated Help Text](#generated-help-text)
+    + [Customization](#customization-1)
+  * [Version Flag](#version-flag)
+    + [Customization](#customization-2)
+    + [Full API Example](#full-api-example)
+- [Contribution Guidelines](#contribution-guidelines)
+
+<!-- tocstop -->
+
+## Overview
+
+Command line apps are usually so tiny that there is absolutely no reason why
+your code should *not* be self-documenting. Things like generating help text and
+parsing command flags/options should not hinder productivity when writing a
+command line app.
+
+**This is where cli comes into play.** cli makes command line programming fun,
+organized, and expressive!
+
+## Installation
+
+Make sure you have a working Go environment.  Go version 1.2+ is supported.  [See
+the install instructions for Go](http://golang.org/doc/install.html).
+
+To install cli, simply run:
+```
+$ go get github.com/urfave/cli
+```
+
+Make sure your `PATH` includes the `$GOPATH/bin` directory so your commands can
+be easily used:
+```
+export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
+```
+
+### Supported platforms
+
+cli is tested against multiple versions of Go on Linux, and against the latest
+released version of Go on OS X and Windows.  For full details, see
+[`./.travis.yml`](./.travis.yml) and [`./appveyor.yml`](./appveyor.yml).
+
+### Using the `v2` branch
+
+**Warning**: The `v2` branch is currently unreleased and considered unstable.
+
+There is currently a long-lived branch named `v2` that is intended to land as
+the new `master` branch once development there has settled down.  The current
+`master` branch (mirrored as `v1`) is being manually merged into `v2` on
+an irregular human-based schedule, but generally if one wants to "upgrade" to
+`v2` *now* and accept the volatility (read: "awesomeness") that comes along with
+that, please use whatever version pinning of your preference, such as via
+`gopkg.in`:
+
+```
+$ go get gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v2
+```
+
+``` go
+...
+import (
+  "gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v2" // imports as package "cli"
+)
+...
+```
+
+### Pinning to the `v1` releases
+
+Similarly to the section above describing use of the `v2` branch, if one wants
+to avoid any unexpected compatibility pains once `v2` becomes `master`, then
+pinning to `v1` is an acceptable option, e.g.:
+
+```
+$ go get gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1
+```
+
+``` go
+...
+import (
+  "gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1" // imports as package "cli"
+)
+...
+```
+
+This will pull the latest tagged `v1` release (e.g. `v1.18.1` at the time of writing).
+
+## Getting Started
+
+One of the philosophies behind cli is that an API should be playful and full of
+discovery. So a cli app can be as little as one line of code in `main()`.
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45;help"],
+  "output": "A new cli application"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  cli.NewApp().Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+This app will run and show help text, but is not very useful. Let's give an
+action to execute and some help documentation:
+
+<!-- {
+  "output": "boom! I say!"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+  app.Name = "boom"
+  app.Usage = "make an explosive entrance"
+  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    fmt.Println("boom! I say!")
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+Running this already gives you a ton of functionality, plus support for things
+like subcommands and flags, which are covered below.
+
+## Examples
+
+Being a programmer can be a lonely job. Thankfully by the power of automation
+that is not the case! Let's create a greeter app to fend off our demons of
+loneliness!
+
+Start by creating a directory named `greet`, and within it, add a file,
+`greet.go` with the following code in it:
+
+<!-- {
+  "output": "Hello friend!"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+  app.Name = "greet"
+  app.Usage = "fight the loneliness!"
+  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    fmt.Println("Hello friend!")
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+Install our command to the `$GOPATH/bin` directory:
+
+```
+$ go install
+```
+
+Finally run our new command:
+
+```
+$ greet
+Hello friend!
+```
+
+cli also generates neat help text:
+
+```
+$ greet help
+NAME:
+    greet - fight the loneliness!
+
+USAGE:
+    greet [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]
+
+VERSION:
+    0.0.0
+
+COMMANDS:
+    help, h  Shows a list of commands or help for one command
+
+GLOBAL OPTIONS
+    --version Shows version information
+```
+
+### Arguments
+
+You can lookup arguments by calling the `Args` function on `cli.Context`, e.g.:
+
+<!-- {
+  "output": "Hello \""
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    fmt.Printf("Hello %q", c.Args().Get(0))
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+### Flags
+
+Setting and querying flags is simple.
+
+<!-- {
+  "output": "Hello Nefertiti"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag {
+    cli.StringFlag{
+      Name: "lang",
+      Value: "english",
+      Usage: "language for the greeting",
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    name := "Nefertiti"
+    if c.NArg() > 0 {
+      name = c.Args().Get(0)
+    }
+    if c.String("lang") == "spanish" {
+      fmt.Println("Hola", name)
+    } else {
+      fmt.Println("Hello", name)
+    }
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+You can also set a destination variable for a flag, to which the content will be
+scanned.
+
+<!-- {
+  "output": "Hello someone"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+  "fmt"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  var language string
+
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag {
+    cli.StringFlag{
+      Name:        "lang",
+      Value:       "english",
+      Usage:       "language for the greeting",
+      Destination: &language,
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    name := "someone"
+    if c.NArg() > 0 {
+      name = c.Args()[0]
+    }
+    if language == "spanish" {
+      fmt.Println("Hola", name)
+    } else {
+      fmt.Println("Hello", name)
+    }
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+See full list of flags at http://godoc.org/github.com/urfave/cli
+
+#### Placeholder Values
+
+Sometimes it's useful to specify a flag's value within the usage string itself.
+Such placeholders are indicated with back quotes.
+
+For example this:
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45;help"],
+  "output": "&#45;&#45;config FILE, &#45;c FILE"
+} -->
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+    cli.StringFlag{
+      Name:  "config, c",
+      Usage: "Load configuration from `FILE`",
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+Will result in help output like:
+
+```
+--config FILE, -c FILE   Load configuration from FILE
+```
+
+Note that only the first placeholder is used. Subsequent back-quoted words will
+be left as-is.
+
+#### Alternate Names
+
+You can set alternate (or short) names for flags by providing a comma-delimited
+list for the `Name`. e.g.
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45;help"],
+  "output": "&#45;&#45;lang value, &#45;l value.*language for the greeting.*default: \"english\""
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag {
+    cli.StringFlag{
+      Name: "lang, l",
+      Value: "english",
+      Usage: "language for the greeting",
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+That flag can then be set with `--lang spanish` or `-l spanish`. Note that
+giving two different forms of the same flag in the same command invocation is an
+error.
+
+#### Ordering
+
+Flags for the application and commands are shown in the order they are defined.
+However, it's possible to sort them from outside this library by using `FlagsByName`
+or `CommandsByName` with `sort`.
+
+For example this:
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45;help"],
+  "output": "add a task to the list\n.*complete a task on the list\n.*\n\n.*\n.*Load configuration from FILE\n.*Language for the greeting.*"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+  "sort"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag {
+    cli.StringFlag{
+      Name: "lang, l",
+      Value: "english",
+      Usage: "Language for the greeting",
+    },
+    cli.StringFlag{
+      Name: "config, c",
+      Usage: "Load configuration from `FILE`",
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+    {
+      Name:    "complete",
+      Aliases: []string{"c"},
+      Usage:   "complete a task on the list",
+      Action:  func(c *cli.Context) error {
+        return nil
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      Name:    "add",
+      Aliases: []string{"a"},
+      Usage:   "add a task to the list",
+      Action:  func(c *cli.Context) error {
+        return nil
+      },
+    },
+  }
+
+  sort.Sort(cli.FlagsByName(app.Flags))
+  sort.Sort(cli.CommandsByName(app.Commands))
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+Will result in help output like:
+
+```
+--config FILE, -c FILE  Load configuration from FILE
+--lang value, -l value  Language for the greeting (default: "english")
+```
+
+#### Values from the Environment
+
+You can also have the default value set from the environment via `EnvVar`.  e.g.
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45;help"],
+  "output": "language for the greeting.*APP_LANG"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag {
+    cli.StringFlag{
+      Name: "lang, l",
+      Value: "english",
+      Usage: "language for the greeting",
+      EnvVar: "APP_LANG",
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+The `EnvVar` may also be given as a comma-delimited "cascade", where the first
+environment variable that resolves is used as the default.
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45;help"],
+  "output": "language for the greeting.*LEGACY_COMPAT_LANG.*APP_LANG.*LANG"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag {
+    cli.StringFlag{
+      Name: "lang, l",
+      Value: "english",
+      Usage: "language for the greeting",
+      EnvVar: "LEGACY_COMPAT_LANG,APP_LANG,LANG",
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+#### Values from alternate input sources (YAML, TOML, and others)
+
+There is a separate package altsrc that adds support for getting flag values
+from other file input sources.
+
+Currently supported input source formats:
+* YAML
+* TOML
+
+In order to get values for a flag from an alternate input source the following
+code would be added to wrap an existing cli.Flag like below:
+
+``` go
+  altsrc.NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"})
+```
+
+Initialization must also occur for these flags. Below is an example initializing
+getting data from a yaml file below.
+
+``` go
+  command.Before = altsrc.InitInputSourceWithContext(command.Flags, NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
+```
+
+The code above will use the "load" string as a flag name to get the file name of
+a yaml file from the cli.Context.  It will then use that file name to initialize
+the yaml input source for any flags that are defined on that command.  As a note
+the "load" flag used would also have to be defined on the command flags in order
+for this code snipped to work.
+
+Currently only the aboved specified formats are supported but developers can
+add support for other input sources by implementing the
+altsrc.InputSourceContext for their given sources.
+
+Here is a more complete sample of a command using YAML support:
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["test-cmd", "&#45;&#45;help"],
+  "output": "&#45&#45;test value.*default: 0"
+} -->
+``` go
+package notmain
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+  "github.com/urfave/cli/altsrc"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  flags := []cli.Flag{
+    altsrc.NewIntFlag(cli.IntFlag{Name: "test"}),
+    cli.StringFlag{Name: "load"},
+  }
+
+  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    fmt.Println("yaml ist rad")
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  app.Before = altsrc.InitInputSourceWithContext(flags, altsrc.NewYamlSourceFromFlagFunc("load"))
+  app.Flags = flags
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+### Subcommands
+
+Subcommands can be defined for a more git-like command line app.
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["template", "add"],
+  "output": "new task template: .+"
+} -->
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+    {
+      Name:    "add",
+      Aliases: []string{"a"},
+      Usage:   "add a task to the list",
+      Action:  func(c *cli.Context) error {
+        fmt.Println("added task: ", c.Args().First())
+        return nil
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      Name:    "complete",
+      Aliases: []string{"c"},
+      Usage:   "complete a task on the list",
+      Action:  func(c *cli.Context) error {
+        fmt.Println("completed task: ", c.Args().First())
+        return nil
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      Name:        "template",
+      Aliases:     []string{"t"},
+      Usage:       "options for task templates",
+      Subcommands: []cli.Command{
+        {
+          Name:  "add",
+          Usage: "add a new template",
+          Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+            fmt.Println("new task template: ", c.Args().First())
+            return nil
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          Name:  "remove",
+          Usage: "remove an existing template",
+          Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+            fmt.Println("removed task template: ", c.Args().First())
+            return nil
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+### Subcommands categories
+
+For additional organization in apps that have many subcommands, you can
+associate a category for each command to group them together in the help
+output.
+
+E.g.
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+
+  app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+    {
+      Name: "noop",
+    },
+    {
+      Name:     "add",
+      Category: "template",
+    },
+    {
+      Name:     "remove",
+      Category: "template",
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+Will include:
+
+```
+COMMANDS:
+    noop
+
+  Template actions:
+    add
+    remove
+```
+
+### Exit code
+
+Calling `App.Run` will not automatically call `os.Exit`, which means that by
+default the exit code will "fall through" to being `0`.  An explicit exit code
+may be set by returning a non-nil error that fulfills `cli.ExitCoder`, *or* a
+`cli.MultiError` that includes an error that fulfills `cli.ExitCoder`, e.g.:
+
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+    cli.BoolTFlag{
+      Name:  "ginger-crouton",
+      Usage: "is it in the soup?",
+    },
+  }
+  app.Action = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+    if !ctx.Bool("ginger-crouton") {
+      return cli.NewExitError("it is not in the soup", 86)
+    }
+    return nil
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+### Bash Completion
+
+You can enable completion commands by setting the `EnableBashCompletion`
+flag on the `App` object.  By default, this setting will only auto-complete to
+show an app's subcommands, but you can write your own completion methods for
+the App or its subcommands.
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["complete", "&#45;&#45;generate&#45;bash&#45;completion"],
+  "output": "laundry"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  tasks := []string{"cook", "clean", "laundry", "eat", "sleep", "code"}
+
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+  app.EnableBashCompletion = true
+  app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+    {
+      Name:  "complete",
+      Aliases: []string{"c"},
+      Usage: "complete a task on the list",
+      Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+         fmt.Println("completed task: ", c.Args().First())
+         return nil
+      },
+      BashComplete: func(c *cli.Context) {
+        // This will complete if no args are passed
+        if c.NArg() > 0 {
+          return
+        }
+        for _, t := range tasks {
+          fmt.Println(t)
+        }
+      },
+    },
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+#### Enabling
+
+Source the `autocomplete/bash_autocomplete` file in your `.bashrc` file while
+setting the `PROG` variable to the name of your program:
+
+`PROG=myprogram source /.../cli/autocomplete/bash_autocomplete`
+
+#### Distribution
+
+Copy `autocomplete/bash_autocomplete` into `/etc/bash_completion.d/` and rename
+it to the name of the program you wish to add autocomplete support for (or
+automatically install it there if you are distributing a package). Don't forget
+to source the file to make it active in the current shell.
+
+```
+sudo cp src/bash_autocomplete /etc/bash_completion.d/<myprogram>
+source /etc/bash_completion.d/<myprogram>
+```
+
+Alternatively, you can just document that users should source the generic
+`autocomplete/bash_autocomplete` in their bash configuration with `$PROG` set
+to the name of their program (as above).
+
+#### Customization
+
+The default bash completion flag (`--generate-bash-completion`) is defined as
+`cli.BashCompletionFlag`, and may be redefined if desired, e.g.:
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45;compgen"],
+  "output": "wat\nhelp\nh"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  cli.BashCompletionFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+    Name:   "compgen",
+    Hidden: true,
+  }
+
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+  app.EnableBashCompletion = true
+  app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+    {
+      Name: "wat",
+    },
+  }
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+### Generated Help Text
+
+The default help flag (`-h/--help`) is defined as `cli.HelpFlag` and is checked
+by the cli internals in order to print generated help text for the app, command,
+or subcommand, and break execution.
+
+#### Customization
+
+All of the help text generation may be customized, and at multiple levels.  The
+templates are exposed as variables `AppHelpTemplate`, `CommandHelpTemplate`, and
+`SubcommandHelpTemplate` which may be reassigned or augmented, and full override
+is possible by assigning a compatible func to the `cli.HelpPrinter` variable,
+e.g.:
+
+<!-- {
+  "output": "Ha HA.  I pwnd the help!!1"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "io"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  // EXAMPLE: Append to an existing template
+  cli.AppHelpTemplate = fmt.Sprintf(`%s
+
+WEBSITE: http://awesometown.example.com
+
+SUPPORT: support@awesometown.example.com
+
+`, cli.AppHelpTemplate)
+
+  // EXAMPLE: Override a template
+  cli.AppHelpTemplate = `NAME:
+   {{.Name}} - {{.Usage}}
+USAGE:
+   {{.HelpName}} {{if .VisibleFlags}}[global options]{{end}}{{if .Commands}} command [command options]{{end}} {{if .ArgsUsage}}{{.ArgsUsage}}{{else}}[arguments...]{{end}}
+   {{if len .Authors}}
+AUTHOR:
+   {{range .Authors}}{{ . }}{{end}}
+   {{end}}{{if .Commands}}
+COMMANDS:
+{{range .Commands}}{{if not .HideHelp}}   {{join .Names ", "}}{{ "\t"}}{{.Usage}}{{ "\n" }}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}{{if .VisibleFlags}}
+GLOBAL OPTIONS:
+   {{range .VisibleFlags}}{{.}}
+   {{end}}{{end}}{{if .Copyright }}
+COPYRIGHT:
+   {{.Copyright}}
+   {{end}}{{if .Version}}
+VERSION:
+   {{.Version}}
+   {{end}}
+`
+
+  // EXAMPLE: Replace the `HelpPrinter` func
+  cli.HelpPrinter = func(w io.Writer, templ string, data interface{}) {
+    fmt.Println("Ha HA.  I pwnd the help!!1")
+  }
+
+  cli.NewApp().Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+The default flag may be customized to something other than `-h/--help` by
+setting `cli.HelpFlag`, e.g.:
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45halp"],
+  "output": "haaaaalp.*HALP"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  cli.HelpFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+    Name: "halp, haaaaalp",
+    Usage: "HALP",
+    EnvVar: "SHOW_HALP,HALPPLZ",
+  }
+
+  cli.NewApp().Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+### Version Flag
+
+The default version flag (`-v/--version`) is defined as `cli.VersionFlag`, which
+is checked by the cli internals in order to print the `App.Version` via
+`cli.VersionPrinter` and break execution.
+
+#### Customization
+
+The default flag may be customized to something other than `-v/--version` by
+setting `cli.VersionFlag`, e.g.:
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45print-version"],
+  "output": "partay version 19\\.99\\.0"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  cli.VersionFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+    Name: "print-version, V",
+    Usage: "print only the version",
+  }
+
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+  app.Name = "partay"
+  app.Version = "19.99.0"
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+Alternatively, the version printer at `cli.VersionPrinter` may be overridden, e.g.:
+
+<!-- {
+  "args": ["&#45;&#45version"],
+  "output": "version=19\\.99\\.0 revision=fafafaf"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "fmt"
+  "os"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var (
+  Revision = "fafafaf"
+)
+
+func main() {
+  cli.VersionPrinter = func(c *cli.Context) {
+    fmt.Printf("version=%s revision=%s\n", c.App.Version, Revision)
+  }
+
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+  app.Name = "partay"
+  app.Version = "19.99.0"
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+```
+
+#### Full API Example
+
+**Notice**: This is a contrived (functioning) example meant strictly for API
+demonstration purposes.  Use of one's imagination is encouraged.
+
+<!-- {
+  "output": "made it!\nPhew!"
+} -->
+``` go
+package main
+
+import (
+  "errors"
+  "flag"
+  "fmt"
+  "io"
+  "io/ioutil"
+  "os"
+  "time"
+
+  "github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+func init() {
+  cli.AppHelpTemplate += "\nCUSTOMIZED: you bet ur muffins\n"
+  cli.CommandHelpTemplate += "\nYMMV\n"
+  cli.SubcommandHelpTemplate += "\nor something\n"
+
+  cli.HelpFlag = cli.BoolFlag{Name: "halp"}
+  cli.BashCompletionFlag = cli.BoolFlag{Name: "compgen", Hidden: true}
+  cli.VersionFlag = cli.BoolFlag{Name: "print-version, V"}
+
+  cli.HelpPrinter = func(w io.Writer, templ string, data interface{}) {
+    fmt.Fprintf(w, "best of luck to you\n")
+  }
+  cli.VersionPrinter = func(c *cli.Context) {
+    fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "version=%s\n", c.App.Version)
+  }
+  cli.OsExiter = func(c int) {
+    fmt.Fprintf(cli.ErrWriter, "refusing to exit %d\n", c)
+  }
+  cli.ErrWriter = ioutil.Discard
+  cli.FlagStringer = func(fl cli.Flag) string {
+    return fmt.Sprintf("\t\t%s", fl.GetName())
+  }
+}
+
+type hexWriter struct{}
+
+func (w *hexWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+  for _, b := range p {
+    fmt.Printf("%x", b)
+  }
+  fmt.Printf("\n")
+
+  return len(p), nil
+}
+
+type genericType struct{
+  s string
+}
+
+func (g *genericType) Set(value string) error {
+  g.s = value
+  return nil
+}
+
+func (g *genericType) String() string {
+  return g.s
+}
+
+func main() {
+  app := cli.NewApp()
+  app.Name = "kənˈtrīv"
+  app.Version = "19.99.0"
+  app.Compiled = time.Now()
+  app.Authors = []cli.Author{
+    cli.Author{
+      Name:  "Example Human",
+      Email: "human@example.com",
+    },
+  }
+  app.Copyright = "(c) 1999 Serious Enterprise"
+  app.HelpName = "contrive"
+  app.Usage = "demonstrate available API"
+  app.UsageText = "contrive - demonstrating the available API"
+  app.ArgsUsage = "[args and such]"
+  app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+    cli.Command{
+      Name:        "doo",
+      Aliases:     []string{"do"},
+      Category:    "motion",
+      Usage:       "do the doo",
+      UsageText:   "doo - does the dooing",
+      Description: "no really, there is a lot of dooing to be done",
+      ArgsUsage:   "[arrgh]",
+      Flags: []cli.Flag{
+        cli.BoolFlag{Name: "forever, forevvarr"},
+      },
+      Subcommands: cli.Commands{
+        cli.Command{
+          Name:   "wop",
+          Action: wopAction,
+        },
+      },
+      SkipFlagParsing: false,
+      HideHelp:        false,
+      Hidden:          false,
+      HelpName:        "doo!",
+      BashComplete: func(c *cli.Context) {
+        fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "--better\n")
+      },
+      Before: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+        fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "brace for impact\n")
+        return nil
+      },
+      After: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+        fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "did we lose anyone?\n")
+        return nil
+      },
+      Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+        c.Command.FullName()
+        c.Command.HasName("wop")
+        c.Command.Names()
+        c.Command.VisibleFlags()
+        fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "dodododododoodododddooooododododooo\n")
+        if c.Bool("forever") {
+          c.Command.Run(c)
+        }
+        return nil
+      },
+      OnUsageError: func(c *cli.Context, err error, isSubcommand bool) error {
+        fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "for shame\n")
+        return err
+      },
+    },
+  }
+  app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+    cli.BoolFlag{Name: "fancy"},
+    cli.BoolTFlag{Name: "fancier"},
+    cli.DurationFlag{Name: "howlong, H", Value: time.Second * 3},
+    cli.Float64Flag{Name: "howmuch"},
+    cli.GenericFlag{Name: "wat", Value: &genericType{}},
+    cli.Int64Flag{Name: "longdistance"},
+    cli.Int64SliceFlag{Name: "intervals"},
+    cli.IntFlag{Name: "distance"},
+    cli.IntSliceFlag{Name: "times"},
+    cli.StringFlag{Name: "dance-move, d"},
+    cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "names, N"},
+    cli.UintFlag{Name: "age"},
+    cli.Uint64Flag{Name: "bigage"},
+  }
+  app.EnableBashCompletion = true
+  app.HideHelp = false
+  app.HideVersion = false
+  app.BashComplete = func(c *cli.Context) {
+    fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "lipstick\nkiss\nme\nlipstick\nringo\n")
+  }
+  app.Before = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "HEEEERE GOES\n")
+    return nil
+  }
+  app.After = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "Phew!\n")
+    return nil
+  }
+  app.CommandNotFound = func(c *cli.Context, command string) {
+    fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "Thar be no %q here.\n", command)
+  }
+  app.OnUsageError = func(c *cli.Context, err error, isSubcommand bool) error {
+    if isSubcommand {
+      return err
+    }
+
+    fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "WRONG: %#v\n", err)
+    return nil
+  }
+  app.Action = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+    cli.DefaultAppComplete(c)
+    cli.HandleExitCoder(errors.New("not an exit coder, though"))
+    cli.ShowAppHelp(c)
+    cli.ShowCommandCompletions(c, "nope")
+    cli.ShowCommandHelp(c, "also-nope")
+    cli.ShowCompletions(c)
+    cli.ShowSubcommandHelp(c)
+    cli.ShowVersion(c)
+
+    categories := c.App.Categories()
+    categories.AddCommand("sounds", cli.Command{
+      Name: "bloop",
+    })
+
+    for _, category := range c.App.Categories() {
+      fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "%s\n", category.Name)
+      fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "%#v\n", category.Commands)
+      fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "%#v\n", category.VisibleCommands())
+    }
+
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", c.App.Command("doo"))
+    if c.Bool("infinite") {
+      c.App.Run([]string{"app", "doo", "wop"})
+    }
+
+    if c.Bool("forevar") {
+      c.App.RunAsSubcommand(c)
+    }
+    c.App.Setup()
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", c.App.VisibleCategories())
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", c.App.VisibleCommands())
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", c.App.VisibleFlags())
+
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", c.Args().First())
+    if len(c.Args()) > 0 {
+      fmt.Printf("%#v\n", c.Args()[1])
+    }
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", c.Args().Present())
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", c.Args().Tail())
+
+    set := flag.NewFlagSet("contrive", 0)
+    nc := cli.NewContext(c.App, set, c)
+
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Args())
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Bool("nope"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.BoolT("nerp"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Duration("howlong"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Float64("hay"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Generic("bloop"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Int64("bonk"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Int64Slice("burnks"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Int("bips"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.IntSlice("blups"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.String("snurt"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.StringSlice("snurkles"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Uint("flub"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Uint64("florb"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalBool("global-nope"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalBoolT("global-nerp"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalDuration("global-howlong"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalFloat64("global-hay"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalGeneric("global-bloop"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalInt("global-bips"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalIntSlice("global-blups"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalString("global-snurt"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalStringSlice("global-snurkles"))
+
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.FlagNames())
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalFlagNames())
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalIsSet("wat"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.GlobalSet("wat", "nope"))
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.NArg())
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.NumFlags())
+    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", nc.Parent())
+
+    nc.Set("wat", "also-nope")
+
+    ec := cli.NewExitError("ohwell", 86)
+    fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "%d", ec.ExitCode())
+    fmt.Printf("made it!\n")
+    return ec
+  }
+
+  if os.Getenv("HEXY") != "" {
+    app.Writer = &hexWriter{}
+    app.ErrWriter = &hexWriter{}
+  }
+
+  app.Metadata = map[string]interface{}{
+    "layers":     "many",
+    "explicable": false,
+    "whatever-values": 19.99,
+  }
+
+  app.Run(os.Args)
+}
+
+func wopAction(c *cli.Context) error {
+  fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, ":wave: over here, eh\n")
+  return nil
+}
+```
+
+## Contribution Guidelines
+
+Feel free to put up a pull request to fix a bug or maybe add a feature. I will
+give it a code review and make sure that it does not break backwards
+compatibility. If I or any other collaborators agree that it is in line with
+the vision of the project, we will work with you to get the code into
+a mergeable state and merge it into the master branch.
+
+If you have contributed something significant to the project, we will most
+likely add you as a collaborator. As a collaborator you are given the ability
+to merge others pull requests. It is very important that new code does not
+break existing code, so be careful about what code you do choose to merge.
+
+If you feel like you have contributed to the project but have not yet been
+added as a collaborator, we probably forgot to add you, please open an issue.
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/appveyor.yml b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e1489c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+version: "{build}"
+
+os: Windows Server 2016
+
+image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+clone_folder: c:\gopath\src\github.com\urfave\cli
+
+environment:
+  GOPATH: C:\gopath
+  GOVERSION: 1.8.x
+  PYTHON: C:\Python36-x64
+  PYTHON_VERSION: 3.6.x
+  PYTHON_ARCH: 64
+
+install:
+- set PATH=%GOPATH%\bin;C:\go\bin;%PATH%
+- go version
+- go env
+- go get github.com/urfave/gfmrun/...
+- go get -v -t ./...
+
+build_script:
+- python runtests vet
+- python runtests test
+- python runtests gfmrun
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/flag-types.json b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/flag-types.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1223107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/flag-types.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+[
+  {
+    "name": "Bool",
+    "type": "bool",
+    "value": false,
+    "context_default": "false",
+    "parser": "strconv.ParseBool(f.Value.String())"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "BoolT",
+    "type": "bool",
+    "value": false,
+    "doctail": " that is true by default",
+    "context_default": "false",
+    "parser": "strconv.ParseBool(f.Value.String())"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Duration",
+    "type": "time.Duration",
+    "doctail": " (see https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration)",
+    "context_default": "0",
+    "parser": "time.ParseDuration(f.Value.String())"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Float64",
+    "type": "float64",
+    "context_default": "0",
+    "parser": "strconv.ParseFloat(f.Value.String(), 64)"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Generic",
+    "type": "Generic",
+    "dest": false,
+    "context_default": "nil",
+    "context_type": "interface{}"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Int64",
+    "type": "int64",
+    "context_default": "0",
+    "parser": "strconv.ParseInt(f.Value.String(), 0, 64)"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Int",
+    "type": "int",
+    "context_default": "0",
+    "parser": "strconv.ParseInt(f.Value.String(), 0, 64)",
+    "parser_cast": "int(parsed)"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "IntSlice",
+    "type": "*IntSlice",
+    "dest": false,
+    "context_default": "nil",
+    "context_type": "[]int",
+    "parser": "(f.Value.(*IntSlice)).Value(), error(nil)"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Int64Slice",
+    "type": "*Int64Slice",
+    "dest": false,
+    "context_default": "nil",
+    "context_type": "[]int64",
+    "parser": "(f.Value.(*Int64Slice)).Value(), error(nil)"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "String",
+    "type": "string",
+    "context_default": "\"\"",
+    "parser": "f.Value.String(), error(nil)"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "StringSlice",
+    "type": "*StringSlice",
+    "dest": false,
+    "context_default": "nil",
+    "context_type": "[]string",
+    "parser": "(f.Value.(*StringSlice)).Value(), error(nil)"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Uint64",
+    "type": "uint64",
+    "context_default": "0",
+    "parser": "strconv.ParseUint(f.Value.String(), 0, 64)"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Uint",
+    "type": "uint",
+    "context_default": "0",
+    "parser": "strconv.ParseUint(f.Value.String(), 0, 64)",
+    "parser_cast": "uint(parsed)"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/generate-flag-types b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/generate-flag-types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7147381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/generate-flag-types
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""
+The flag types that ship with the cli library have many things in common, and
+so we can take advantage of the `go generate` command to create much of the
+source code from a list of definitions.  These definitions attempt to cover
+the parts that vary between flag types, and should evolve as needed.
+
+An example of the minimum definition needed is:
+
+    {
+      "name": "SomeType",
+      "type": "sometype",
+      "context_default": "nil"
+    }
+
+In this example, the code generated for the `cli` package will include a type
+named `SomeTypeFlag` that is expected to wrap a value of type `sometype`.
+Fetching values by name via `*cli.Context` will default to a value of `nil`.
+
+A more complete, albeit somewhat redundant, example showing all available
+definition keys is:
+
+    {
+      "name": "VeryMuchType",
+      "type": "*VeryMuchType",
+      "value": true,
+      "dest": false,
+      "doctail": " which really only wraps a []float64, oh well!",
+      "context_type": "[]float64",
+      "context_default": "nil",
+      "parser": "parseVeryMuchType(f.Value.String())",
+      "parser_cast": "[]float64(parsed)"
+    }
+
+The meaning of each field is as follows:
+
+               name (string) - The type "name", which will be suffixed with
+                               `Flag` when generating the type definition
+                               for `cli` and the wrapper type for `altsrc`
+               type (string) - The type that the generated `Flag` type for `cli`
+                               is expected to "contain" as its `.Value` member
+                value (bool) - Should the generated `cli` type have a `Value`
+                               member?
+                 dest (bool) - Should the generated `cli` type support a
+                               destination pointer?
+            doctail (string) - Additional docs for the `cli` flag type comment
+       context_type (string) - The literal type used in the `*cli.Context`
+                               reader func signature
+    context_default (string) - The literal value used as the default by the
+                               `*cli.Context` reader funcs when no value is
+                               present
+             parser (string) - Literal code used to parse the flag `f`,
+                               expected to have a return signature of
+                               (value, error)
+        parser_cast (string) - Literal code used to cast the `parsed` value
+                               returned from the `parser` code
+"""
+
+from __future__ import print_function, unicode_literals
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import textwrap
+
+
+class _FancyFormatter(argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
+                      argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter):
+    pass
+
+
+def main(sysargs=sys.argv[:]):
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description='Generate flag type code!',
+        formatter_class=_FancyFormatter)
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'package',
+        type=str, default='cli', choices=_WRITEFUNCS.keys(),
+        help='Package for which flag types will be generated'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '-i', '--in-json',
+        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
+        default=sys.stdin,
+        help='Input JSON file which defines each type to be generated'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '-o', '--out-go',
+        type=argparse.FileType('w'),
+        default=sys.stdout,
+        help='Output file/stream to which generated source will be written'
+    )
+    parser.epilog = __doc__
+
+    args = parser.parse_args(sysargs[1:])
+    _generate_flag_types(_WRITEFUNCS[args.package], args.out_go, args.in_json)
+    return 0
+
+
+def _generate_flag_types(writefunc, output_go, input_json):
+    types = json.load(input_json)
+
+    tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.go', delete=False)
+    writefunc(tmp, types)
+    tmp.close()
+
+    new_content = subprocess.check_output(
+        ['goimports', tmp.name]
+    ).decode('utf-8')
+
+    print(new_content, file=output_go, end='')
+    output_go.flush()
+    os.remove(tmp.name)
+
+
+def _set_typedef_defaults(typedef):
+    typedef.setdefault('doctail', '')
+    typedef.setdefault('context_type', typedef['type'])
+    typedef.setdefault('dest', True)
+    typedef.setdefault('value', True)
+    typedef.setdefault('parser', 'f.Value, error(nil)')
+    typedef.setdefault('parser_cast', 'parsed')
+
+
+def _write_cli_flag_types(outfile, types):
+    _fwrite(outfile, """\
+        package cli
+
+        // WARNING: This file is generated!
+
+        """)
+
+    for typedef in types:
+        _set_typedef_defaults(typedef)
+
+        _fwrite(outfile, """\
+        // {name}Flag is a flag with type {type}{doctail}
+        type {name}Flag struct {{
+            Name string
+            Usage string
+            EnvVar string
+            Hidden bool
+        """.format(**typedef))
+
+        if typedef['value']:
+            _fwrite(outfile, """\
+            Value {type}
+            """.format(**typedef))
+
+        if typedef['dest']:
+            _fwrite(outfile, """\
+            Destination *{type}
+            """.format(**typedef))
+
+        _fwrite(outfile, "\n}\n\n")
+
+        _fwrite(outfile, """\
+            // String returns a readable representation of this value
+            // (for usage defaults)
+            func (f {name}Flag) String() string {{
+                return FlagStringer(f)
+            }}
+
+            // GetName returns the name of the flag
+            func (f {name}Flag) GetName() string {{
+                return f.Name
+            }}
+
+            // {name} looks up the value of a local {name}Flag, returns
+            // {context_default} if not found
+            func (c *Context) {name}(name string) {context_type} {{
+                return lookup{name}(name, c.flagSet)
+            }}
+
+            // Global{name} looks up the value of a global {name}Flag, returns
+            // {context_default} if not found
+            func (c *Context) Global{name}(name string) {context_type} {{
+                if fs := lookupGlobalFlagSet(name, c); fs != nil {{
+                    return lookup{name}(name, fs)
+                }}
+                return {context_default}
+            }}
+
+            func lookup{name}(name string, set *flag.FlagSet) {context_type} {{
+                f := set.Lookup(name)
+                if f != nil {{
+                    parsed, err := {parser}
+                    if err != nil {{
+                        return {context_default}
+                    }}
+                    return {parser_cast}
+                }}
+                return {context_default}
+            }}
+            """.format(**typedef))
+
+
+def _write_altsrc_flag_types(outfile, types):
+    _fwrite(outfile, """\
+        package altsrc
+
+        import (
+            "gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
+        )
+
+        // WARNING: This file is generated!
+
+        """)
+
+    for typedef in types:
+        _set_typedef_defaults(typedef)
+
+        _fwrite(outfile, """\
+        // {name}Flag is the flag type that wraps cli.{name}Flag to allow
+        // for other values to be specified
+        type {name}Flag struct {{
+            cli.{name}Flag
+            set *flag.FlagSet
+        }}
+
+        // New{name}Flag creates a new {name}Flag
+        func New{name}Flag(fl cli.{name}Flag) *{name}Flag {{
+            return &{name}Flag{{{name}Flag: fl, set: nil}}
+        }}
+
+        // Apply saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls the
+        // wrapped {name}Flag.Apply
+        func (f *{name}Flag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) {{
+            f.set = set
+            f.{name}Flag.Apply(set)
+        }}
+
+        // ApplyWithError saves the flagSet for later usage calls, then calls the
+        // wrapped {name}Flag.ApplyWithError
+        func (f *{name}Flag) ApplyWithError(set *flag.FlagSet) error {{
+            f.set = set
+            return f.{name}Flag.ApplyWithError(set)
+        }}
+        """.format(**typedef))
+
+
+def _fwrite(outfile, text):
+    print(textwrap.dedent(text), end='', file=outfile)
+
+
+_WRITEFUNCS = {
+    'cli': _write_cli_flag_types,
+    'altsrc': _write_altsrc_flag_types
+}
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/runtests b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/runtests
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee22bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/urfave/cli/runtests
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+
+from subprocess import check_call, check_output
+
+
+PACKAGE_NAME = os.environ.get(
+    'CLI_PACKAGE_NAME', 'github.com/urfave/cli'
+)
+
+
+def main(sysargs=sys.argv[:]):
+    targets = {
+        'vet': _vet,
+        'test': _test,
+        'gfmrun': _gfmrun,
+        'toc': _toc,
+        'gen': _gen,
+    }
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'target', nargs='?', choices=tuple(targets.keys()), default='test'
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args(sysargs[1:])
+
+    targets[args.target]()
+    return 0
+
+
+def _test():
+    if check_output('go version'.split()).split()[2] < 'go1.2':
+        _run('go test -v .')
+        return
+
+    coverprofiles = []
+    for subpackage in ['', 'altsrc']:
+        coverprofile = 'cli.coverprofile'
+        if subpackage != '':
+            coverprofile = '{}.coverprofile'.format(subpackage)
+
+        coverprofiles.append(coverprofile)
+
+        _run('go test -v'.split() + [
+            '-coverprofile={}'.format(coverprofile),
+            ('{}/{}'.format(PACKAGE_NAME, subpackage)).rstrip('/')
+        ])
+
+    combined_name = _combine_coverprofiles(coverprofiles)
+    _run('go tool cover -func={}'.format(combined_name))
+    os.remove(combined_name)
+
+
+def _gfmrun():
+    go_version = check_output('go version'.split()).split()[2]
+    if go_version < 'go1.3':
+        print('runtests: skip on {}'.format(go_version), file=sys.stderr)
+        return
+    _run(['gfmrun', '-c', str(_gfmrun_count()), '-s', 'README.md'])
+
+
+def _vet():
+    _run('go vet ./...')
+
+
+def _toc():
+    _run('node_modules/.bin/markdown-toc -i README.md')
+    _run('git diff --exit-code')
+
+
+def _gen():
+    go_version = check_output('go version'.split()).split()[2]
+    if go_version < 'go1.5':
+        print('runtests: skip on {}'.format(go_version), file=sys.stderr)
+        return
+
+    _run('go generate ./...')
+    _run('git diff --exit-code')
+
+
+def _run(command):
+    if hasattr(command, 'split'):
+        command = command.split()
+    print('runtests: {}'.format(' '.join(command)), file=sys.stderr)
+    check_call(command)
+
+
+def _gfmrun_count():
+    with open('README.md') as infile:
+        lines = infile.read().splitlines()
+        return len(filter(_is_go_runnable, lines))
+
+
+def _is_go_runnable(line):
+    return line.startswith('package main')
+
+
+def _combine_coverprofiles(coverprofiles):
+    combined = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
+        suffix='.coverprofile', delete=False
+    )
+    combined.write('mode: set\n')
+
+    for coverprofile in coverprofiles:
+        with open(coverprofile, 'r') as infile:
+            for line in infile.readlines():
+                if not line.startswith('mode: '):
+                    combined.write(line)
+
+    combined.flush()
+    name = combined.name
+    combined.close()
+    return name
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.exit(main())