Metadata support for v2 encryption policies

Linux v5.4 and later supports v2 encryption policies.  These have
several advantages over v1 encryption policies:

- Their encryption keys can be added/removed to/from the filesystem by
  non-root users, thus gaining the benefits of the filesystem keyring
  while also retaining support for non-root use.

- They use a more standard, secure, and flexible key derivation
  function.  Because of this, some future kernel-level fscrypt features
  will be implemented for v2 policies only.

- They prevent a denial-of-service attack where a user could associate
  the wrong key with another user's encrypted files.

Prepare the fscrypt tool to support v2 encryption policies by:

- Adding a policy_version field to the EncryptionOptions, i.e. to the
  config file and to the policy metadata files.

- Using the kernel-specified algorithm to compute the key descriptor for
  v2 policies.

- Handling setting and getting v2 policies.

Actually adding/removing the keys for v2 policies to/from the kernel is
left for the next patch.

2 files changed, 60 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/crypto/crypto.go b/crypto/crypto.go
index ec961b6..9a138d0 100644
--- a/crypto/crypto.go
+++ b/crypto/crypto.go
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 //		- key stretching (SHA256-based HKDF)
 //		- key wrapping/unwrapping (Encrypt then MAC)
 //		- passphrase-based key derivation (Argon2id)
-//		- descriptor computation (double SHA512)
+//		- key descriptor computation (double SHA512, or HKDF-SHA512)
 package crypto
 
 import (
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"crypto/sha512"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"io"
 
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/argon2"
@@ -176,16 +177,42 @@ func Unwrap(wrappingKey *Key, data *metadata.WrappedKeyData) (*Key, error) {
 	return secretKey, nil
 }
 
-// ComputeDescriptor computes the descriptor for a given cryptographic key. In
-// keeping with the process used in e4crypt, this uses the initial bytes
-// (formatted as hexadecimal) of the double application of SHA512 on the key.
-func ComputeDescriptor(key *Key) string {
+func computeKeyDescriptorV1(key *Key) string {
 	h1 := sha512.Sum512(key.data)
 	h2 := sha512.Sum512(h1[:])
-	length := hex.DecodedLen(metadata.DescriptorLen)
+	length := hex.DecodedLen(metadata.PolicyDescriptorLenV1)
 	return hex.EncodeToString(h2[:length])
 }
 
+func computeKeyDescriptorV2(key *Key) (string, error) {
+	// This algorithm is specified by the kernel.  It uses unsalted
+	// HKDF-SHA512, where the application-information string is the prefix
+	// "fscrypt\0" followed by the HKDF_CONTEXT_KEY_IDENTIFIER byte.
+	hkdf := hkdf.New(sha512.New, key.data, nil, []byte("fscrypt\x00\x01"))
+	h := make([]byte, hex.DecodedLen(metadata.PolicyDescriptorLenV2))
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(hkdf, h); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(h), nil
+}
+
+// ComputeKeyDescriptor computes the descriptor for a given cryptographic key.
+// If policyVersion=1, it uses the first 8 bytes of the double application of
+// SHA512 on the key. Use this for protectors and v1 policy keys.
+// If policyVersion=2, it uses HKDF-SHA512 to compute a key identifier that's
+// compatible with the kernel's key identifiers for v2 policy keys.
+// In both cases, the resulting bytes are formatted as hex.
+func ComputeKeyDescriptor(key *Key, policyVersion int64) (string, error) {
+	switch policyVersion {
+	case 1:
+		return computeKeyDescriptorV1(key), nil
+	case 2:
+		return computeKeyDescriptorV2(key)
+	default:
+		return "", errors.Errorf("policy version of %d is invalid", policyVersion)
+	}
+}
+
 // PassphraseHash uses Argon2id to produce a Key given the passphrase, salt, and
 // hashing costs. This method is designed to take a long time and consume
 // considerable memory. For more information, see the documentation at
diff --git a/crypto/crypto_test.go b/crypto/crypto_test.go
index d0cef82..6eb0b02 100644
--- a/crypto/crypto_test.go
+++ b/crypto/crypto_test.go
@@ -464,6 +464,33 @@ func TestUnwrapWrongData(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestComputeKeyDescriptorV1(t *testing.T) {
+	descriptor, err := ComputeKeyDescriptor(fakeValidPolicyKey, 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if descriptor != "8290608a029c5aae" {
+		t.Errorf("wrong v1 descriptor: %s", descriptor)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestComputeKeyDescriptorV2(t *testing.T) {
+	descriptor, err := ComputeKeyDescriptor(fakeValidPolicyKey, 2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if descriptor != "2139f52bf8386ee99845818ac7e91c4a" {
+		t.Errorf("wrong v2 descriptor: %s", descriptor)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestComputeKeyDescriptorBadVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := ComputeKeyDescriptor(fakeValidPolicyKey, 0)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("computing key descriptor with bad version should fail")
+	}
+}
+
 // Run our test cases for passphrase hashing
 func TestPassphraseHashing(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, testCase := range hashTestCases {