This commit changes the error handing for the crypto, filesystem,
metadata, pam, and util packages to use the error handling library
github.com/pkg/errors. This means elimination of the FSError type, an
increased use of wrapping errors (as opposed to logging), switching
on the Cause() of an error (as opposed to its value), and improving our
integration tests involving TEST_FILESYSTEM_ROOT.

This commit also fixes a few bugs with the keyring code to ensure that
our {Find|Remove|Insert}PolicyKey functions are always operating on the
same keyring. The check for filesystem support has been moved from the
filesystem package to the metadata package. Finally, the API for the
filesystem package has been slightly modified:
	* filesystem.AllFilesystems() now returns all the filesystems in
	  sorted order
	* certain path methods are now public

O_SYNC is also removed for writing the metadata. We don't get that much
from syncing the metadata, as the actual file data could also be
corrupted by and IO error. The sync operation is also occasionally very
slow (~3 seconds) and can be unfriendly to battery life.

Change-Id: I392c2655141714b16dfdbc84ac09780072be2cf0

This commit adds in the filesystem subpackage. The goal of this package
is to provide and interface for adding to and removing from the metadata
storage for a given filesystem. This is primarily done in filesystem.go.
To facilitate this functionality, mountpoint.go exposes an interface for
querying the system about the current mounted filesystems and their
information. Note that this operation is done with a lazy loading
mechanism.

To refer to other filesystems, we use link files that can be parsed by
libblkid. The README is also updated to account for this new dependancy.

This package uses the FSError type under the hood so that error messages
will include the filesystem name, but callers can still check for
specific error instances.

Change-Id: I74fe4e84b8e3a5b73f1337c35307ffe0bf7cdea9