This user is used with policies to interface with the keryings and with
protectors to indicate which user's login passphrase should be used to
protectors of type pam_passphrase.

Now the testing functions will skip the integration tests if a testing
filesystem is not specified.

This commit changes all the internal import paths from `fscrypt/foo` to
`github.com/google/fscrypt/foo` so that it can be built once we release
externaly. The documentation in README.md is updated accordingly.

Also, the README has a note noting that we do not make any guarantees
about project stability before 1.0 (when it ships with Ubuntu).

Change-Id: I6ba86e442c74057c8a06ba32a42e17f94833e280

This commit changes the error handling for the actions package to use
the error handling library github.com/pkg/errors. This means replacing
"errors" with "github.com/pkg/errors", reworking some of the error
values, and wrapping some errors with additional context.

This commit also changes the Protector/Policy API, moving most of the
package functionality into Protector or Policy methods. These types are
now "locked" when they are queried from the filesystem, and Unlock()
must be used to get their corresponding keys. Note that only certain
operations will require unlocking the keys. Certain unnecessary
functions and methods are also removed.

This CL also fixes two bugs reported by Tyler Hicks in CreateConfigFile.
CPU time is used instead of wall time, and kiB is used instead of kB.

Change-Id: I88f45659e9fe4938d148843e3289e7b6d5b698d8

This commit makes the callbacks for getting keys easier to understand.
Functions which need keys now take a KeyFunc callback. This callback
contains a ProtectorInfo parameter (basically a read-only version of
metadata.ProtectorData) and a boolean which indicates if the call is
being retried. The documentation is also updated to say which functions
will retry the KeyFunc.

For selecting a protector, there is now an OptionFunc callback which
takes a slice of ProtectorOptions. A ProtectorOption is a ProtectorInfo
along with additional information about a linked filesystem (if
applicable).

This commit also adds in methods for getting the protector options for a
specific filesystem or policy. It also adds a function for getting the
policy descriptor for a specific path.

Change-Id: I41e0d94ffd44e7166b0c5cf1b5d18437960bdf90

This commit adds in the actions package. This package will be the
highest-level interface to the fscrypt packages. The public functions
in this package will be called directly from cmd/fscrypt.

The actions added in this commit pertain to creating and reading the
fscrypt global config file "fscrypt.conf". The challenging part about
creating this file is finding the correct hashing parameters for the
desired time target.

The getHashingCosts() function finds the desired costs by doubling the
costs and running the passphrase hash until the target is exceeded.
Then, a cost estimate is obtained using a linear interpolation between
the last two costs (and their time results).

Change-Id: I4a0eaf4856ec4ff49eb4360da3267f7caa9d07b2