filesystem: avoid accessing irrelevant filesystems

Forbid 'fscrypt setup' on filesystems that aren't expected to support
encryption (other than the root filesystem), and skip looking for
fscrypt metadata directories on such filesystems.  This has two
benefits.  First, it avoids the printing of annoying warnings like:

	pam_fscrypt[75038]: stat /run/user/0/.fscrypt: permission denied
	pam_fscrypt[75038]: stat /run/user/0/.fscrypt/policies: permission denied
	pam_fscrypt[75038]: stat /run/user/0/.fscrypt/protectors: permission denied
	pam_fscrypt[75038]: stat /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/.fscrypt: invalid argument
	pam_fscrypt[75038]: stat /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/.fscrypt/policies: invalid argument
	pam_fscrypt[75038]: stat /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/.fscrypt/protectors: invalid argument
	pam_fscrypt[75038]: stat /sys/fs/pstore/.fscrypt: permission denied
	pam_fscrypt[75038]: stat /sys/fs/pstore/.fscrypt/policies: permission denied
	pam_fscrypt[75038]: stat /sys/fs/pstore/.fscrypt/protectors: permission denied

Second, it avoids long delays or side effects on some filesystems.

To do this, introduce an allowlist of filesystem types that fscrypt will
recognize.  I wanted to avoid doing this, since this list will need to
be updated in the future, but I don't see a better solution.

Set owner of login protectors to correct user

README: document issue with ssh ChallengeResponseAuthentication

pam: avoid compiler warning in copyIntoSecret()

When the root user creates a login protector for a non-root user, make
sure to chown() the protector file to make it owned by the user.
Without this, the protector cannot be updated by the user, which causes
it to get out of sync if the user changes their login passphrase.

Fixes https://github.com/google/fscrypt/issues/319

gcc 11 enabled -Wmaybe-uninitialized by default.  It causes a
false-positive warning in copyIntoSecret() because gcc doesn't
understand that mlock() is special and doesn't read from the memory.

Just initialize the memory to avoid this warning.

Update https://github.com/google/fscrypt/issues/321
Update https://github.com/google/fscrypt/issues/324